3/31/2024 0 Comments Chofer de vector 3.5 tons![]() ![]() Some of these alternatives can overcome the mechanical fragility, high temperature processing and/or cost of ITO, but still suffer from one or more drawbacks such as poor adhesion, large surface roughness and high optical scattering, and not always achieve a competitive trade-off between T and R s 21, 22, 23, 24, 25. Among the material alternatives, Al-doped ZnO (AZO), carbon nanotubes, metal nanowires, ultrathin metals, conducting polymers and, most recently, graphene have been extensively considered 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. Despite possessing large T, low electrical sheet resistance ( R s), high chemical and environmental stability, ITO requires high temperature processing, has poor mechanical flexibility and high raw material cost 6. An intensive effort has been devoted to search for TC materials that can replace indium tin oxide (ITO), a wide band gap semiconductor, which is used in most of, if not all, the devices today. ![]() These include, for example, displays, light-emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells, where TCs are used to either apply or collect electrical signals without reducing optical transmission ( T) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. A wide range of electronic and optoelectronic devices require transparent conductors (TCs) to function. ![]()
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